海洋生物，生物学术语，是指海洋里有生命的物种，包括海洋动物、海洋植物、微生物及病毒等，其中海洋动物包括无脊椎动物和脊椎动物。

Marine organism, a biological term, refers to the species living in the ocean, including marine animals, marine plants, microorganisms and viruses, among which marine animals include invertebrates and vertebrates.

无脊椎动物包括各种螺类和贝类。脊椎动物包括各种鱼类和大型海洋动物，如鲸鱼，鲨鱼等。中文名：海洋生物

Invertebrates include various kinds of snails and shellfish. Vertebrates include all kinds of fish and large marine animals, such as whales, sharks, etc. Chinese name：海洋生物

外文名：marine organism

English Name: marine organism

定义：指海洋里有生命的物种

Definition: species living in the ocean

分类：海洋动植物、微生物及病毒等无脊椎动物，各种螺类和贝类，哺乳动物，爬行动物，海鱼节肢动物，软体动物，腔肠动物，无脊椎动物，海洋植物相关政策保护状况。

Category: marine plants and animals, microorganisms and viruses and other invertebrates, various snails and shellfish, mammals, reptiles, marine fish arthropods, mollusks, coelenterates, invertebrates, marine plants related protection policy condition.

生物种类

Biological species

经过几十年来海洋科技工作者的调查研究，已在我国管辖海域记录到了20278 种海洋生物。这些海洋生物隶属于5个生物界、44个生物门。其中动物界的种类最多（12794种），原核生物界最少（229种）。我国的海洋生物种类约占全世界海洋生物总种数的10%，数量占50%。

After decades of investigation and research by marine scientists, 20,278 species of marine organisms have been recorded in our country’s territorial waters. These marine organisms belong to 5 biospheres and 44 biological phyla. Among them, the animal sphere has the most species (12,794 species) and the prokaryotic sphere has the least (229 species). The species of marine organisms in China account for about 10% of the total number of marine organisms in the world and the number 50%.

海洋生物欣赏

Marine organism appreciation

我国海域的海洋生物，按照分布情况大致可以分为水域海洋生物和滩涂海洋生物两大类。在水域海洋生物中，鱼类、头足类（例如我们常吃的乌贼，也叫墨鱼）和虾、蟹类是最主要的海洋生物。其中以鱼类的品种最多，数量最大，构成了水域海洋生物的主体。

Marine organisms in China’s waters can be roughly divided into two categories according to their distribution: marine organisms in the waters and marine organisms in the mudflats. Among the marine life in the waters, fish, cephalopods (such as the squid we often eat, also called cuttlefish), shrimps and crabs are the most important marine life. Among them, fish are the most diversified and have the largest number, constituting the main body of marine life in the water.

水域海洋生物种数的分布趋势是南多北少，即南海的种类较多，而黄海、渤海的种类较少。根据最新的调查资料，分布在我国滩涂上的海洋生物种类共有1580多种。其中以软体动物（也就是平常我们所说的贝类）最多，有513种，其次是海藻358种，甲壳类（主要是平常我们所说的虾、蟹）308种，其他类群种类很少。我国沿海滩涂生物的种数与海域生物一样，也是自北向南逐渐增多。

The distribution trend of the number of marine species in the waters is more in the south and fewer in the north, that is, there are more species in the South China Sea and fewer species in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. According to the latest survey, there are more than 1,580 species of marine organisms on the mudflats in China that there are 513 species of mollusks, followed by 358 species of seaweeds, 308 species of crustaceans (mainly shrimps and crabs), and very few other species. The number of species in coastal mudflats in China is gradually increasing from north to south, just like the organisms in the sea.

全世界的科学家正在进行一项空前的合作计划，为所有的海洋生物进行鉴定和编写名录。海洋里到底有多少种生物？

Scientists around the world are engaged in an unprecedented collaborative project to identify and compile a list for all marine organisms. How many species are there in the ocean?

一项综合全球海域数据的调查报告出炉了。已经登录的海洋鱼类有15304种，最终预计海洋鱼类大约有2万种。而已知的海洋生物有21万种，预计实际的数量则在这个数字的10倍以上，即210万种。

A survey report containing all data about the world’s seas is out. There are 15,304 species of marine fish that have been compiled, and the final estimate is about 20,000. Whereas 210,000 species of marine life are known, the actual number or 2.1 million species is expected to be more than 10 times more than that number.

科学家正在进行的这个计划叫做海洋生物普查，预计要花上10年时间，至少需要花10亿美元的经费，共有来自53个国家的300多位科学家参与到这个史无前例的合作计划中来，让世界上每一个角落的海洋科学家可以一起合作。从2000年开始，平均每星期就有3个新的海洋物种被发现。根据这个研究计划的估计，大约还有5000种海洋鱼类以及成千上万种其他各式各样的海洋生物还没被发现。

Scientists are working on a project called the Census of Marine Life, which is expected to take 10 years and cost at least $1 billion, with more than 300 scientists from 53 countries participating in this unprecedented collaborative project. Since 2000, an average of three new marine species have been discovered every week. According to estimates from this research program, there are approximately 5,000 species of marine fish and thousands of other diverse marine organisms that have yet to be discovered.

这个普查计划希望能够评估各种海洋生物的多样性、地理分布和数量，并且解释上述情况如何随着时间而改变。

The census program hopes to assess the diversity, geographic distribution and abundance of various marine organisms and to explain how these conditions have changed over time.

这个计划有什么现实意义呢？海洋生物的普查可以找出目已经濒危的生物以及重要的繁殖区域，可以帮助渔业管理机构发展出有效的连续经营策略。而随着成千上万的新种海洋生物被发现，科学家将开发出新的海洋药物和工业化合物。

What is the practical significance of this project? A census of marine life can identify species that are already endangered and important breeding areas and can help fisheries management agencies develop effective continuous management strategies. And as thousands of new species of marine life are discovered, scientists will develop new marine medicines and industrial compounds.

海洋生物普查科学委员会主席、美国路特葛斯大学的弗雷德里克·格拉塞尔说：“这是21世纪第一场伟大的发现之旅的开始。更重要的是，这是第一个全球性的努力，去测量海洋的各种生物，也让我们知道我们应该做些什么去防止海洋生物继续消失。”海洋至今依旧是未被探勘的领域，我们对于海洋孕育的生物所知极为有限。海洋生物普查首席科学家罗纳尔德·多尔说：“海洋生物的多样性不只是海洋状况的重要指针，同时也是保护海洋环境的关键。”

“This is the beginning of the first great discovery in the 21st century. More importantly, it’s the first global effort to measure the variety of life in the oceans and to show us what we should do to prevent marine life from extinction.” said Frederick Grassell of Rutgers University, chairman of the Census Scientific Steering Committee. The ocean remains unexplored to this day, and we know very little about the creatures they support. Ronald Doyle, Chief Scientist of Census Scientific Steering Committee, said, “The diversity of marine life is not only an important indicator of the state of the oceans, but is also key to protecting the marine environment.”